A Wrench Shaped MIMO Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth and Isolation for 5G Applications

The wrench shaped single antenna is transformed into a four element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna in this study to increase spectrum efficiency and data rate. MIMO provides many users with a stable data link while also improving coverage and range, all of which are critical for 5G technology. This study describes a single antenna with a bandwidth of (3.22-22.91) GHz that is turned into a four-element MIMO antenna. With a star slot in the middle of the radiating patch, each of the four single antennas on this MIMO resembles a wrench. There is a rectangular gap in the upper middle of the partial ground as well. The wrench-like antenna is essentially a patch antenna that is circular and has a star-shaped slot. The MIMO is constructed on a large FR4 (lossy) substrate dimension 44×44×1.6 mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> while patch and ground are made of copper (annealed). This MIMO antenna’s performance features include mutual coupling coefficients S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</inf> ≥ -38.89 dB, S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</inf> ≥ - 21.58 dB, S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">41</inf> ≥ -38.83 dB, and reflection coefficients S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> less than -10 dB in the 3.22 GHz to 22.91 GHz range. In addition the maximum reflection coefficient is around -46.92 dB at 4.31 GHz. Furthermore the performance characteristics of the proposed four-element MIMO antenna observed are Diversity Gain (DG) ≤10, and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) < 0.005. Those are good simulated values and they fall within acceptable bounds.