Analysis of Energy Consumption and Efficiency in the Two-tier Network for LoRa and LR-FHSS IoT Sensor Communication

This paper investigates the quality of service and efficiency of two-tier network topologies in Internet of Things (IoT) sensor communication, focusing on Long Range (LoRa) and Long Range - Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (LR-FHSS) technologies. In this research, single base-station with single tier network and two-tier communication network are investigated for analyzing their impact on power consumption, network lifetime, and overall system efficiency. Through extensive simulations, we provide a detailed comparison of network topologies across various metrics, including energy per bit, network scalability, and resilience. Our findings indicate that single-tier communication networks for IoT sensors offer simplicity and energy efficiency in small-scale deployments but multi-tier architecture provide better scalability and resilience for large-scale IoT applications with low energy consumption, albeit with compromised throughput for uncertainty like node failure. This article offers valuable insights for IoT network designers and operators, enabling informed decisions on topology selection based on specific application requirements and energy constraints.