A Numerical Analysis for Optimization of MoTe₂/Sb₂S₃ Heterojunction Structure for High-Efficiency Solar Cell

Employing the SCAPS-1D simulator, this research explores the effectiveness of adding an Antimony Sulfide (Sb<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf>)Hole Transport Layer (HTL) to a Molybdenum Telluride (MoTe<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>) solar cell structure. MoTe<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> has affordability and stable performance, alongside excellent high optical absorption capabilities. In this study, a new solar cell setup (Al/FTO/CdS/MoTe<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>/Sb<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf>/Pt) with a baseline configuration of (Al/FTO/CdS/MoTe<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>/Pt) is studied. This investigation has reviewed several aspects, such as the surface recombination velocity, the thickness of the active and HTL, the doping density of the active, the relationship between current and voltage, the defect density, and the series and shunt resistances. The suggested cell impressively demonstrates notable enhancements, obtaining FF = 87.65%, Jsc=40.77 mA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>, Voc = 1.12 V, and PCE = 40.29%. By comparison, the standard cell has the following values: FF = 81.13%, J<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</inf> = 38.17 mA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>, Voc = 0.96 V, and η = 29.41%. By integrating the Sb<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> material, effectively reduced carrier recombination losses, leading to the emergence of cost-effective, high-performance MoTe<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> PV cells.