Design and analysis of improved rectangular-shape millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna for 5 G and future generation wireless communication systems

• Microstrip patch antennas (MPA) are one of the most efficient when it comes to handheld devices using wireless communication systems. • The current evolution experienced in the world of communication systems requires that the incorporated antennas be upgraded to meet the high-capacity demands. • 5 G and other future generations wireless communication systems require a state-of art device with improved return loss, antenna gain and bandwidth. • A miniaturized device is a good feature of the present generational concept which the antenna will also provide. • Optimization and parameter trade-off, which enable optimum performance is an additional feature of the designed antenna. Microstrip patch antennas (MPA) are one of the most efficient when it comes to handheld devices using wireless communication systems because they are low-profile, less expensive, and not difficult to manufacture. The current evolution experienced in the world of communication systems requires that the incorporated antennas be upgraded to meet the high-capacity demands. The aim of this paper is to design and an improved rectangular-shape MPA for 5 G and other future generations wireless communication systems. The proposed improved rectangular-shaped microstrip patch antenna resonates at 31.5 GHz centre frequency using a substrate FR4 with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna is simulated using the High Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS). The antenna produces a return loss of -28.39 dB and a gain and directivity of 7.04 dB and 8.25 dB, respectively, while also having a bandwidth of 4.9 GHz. When compared to other MPAs from recent publications, the proposed antenna has significant improvements in terms of return loss, and bandwidth, etc. Thus making it a good choice when compared with other MPAs in 5 G and future-generation wireless systems.