Influence of Sowing and Harvesting Periods on Yield Enhancement of ‘Hongsan’ Garlic

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an economically important crop that requires region-specific cultivation strategies for yield improvement.This study evaluated the optimal sowing and harvesting periods for 'Hongsan' garlic in South Korea through two-year field trials (2022)(2023)(2024) in Muan (southern region) and Taean (central region).Plant morphological and yield parameters were recorded.Garlic was sown at 10-day intervals from late September to mid-October (2022) and 20-day intervals from mid-September to late October (2023) in Muan, with no significant yield differences.In Taean, sowing at 20-day intervals from mid-September to late October showed no yield difference between mid-September and early October, but late October sowing decreased yield (p0.05).Meanwhile, garlic harvested at 10-day intervals from mid-May to mid-June in Muan and early June to mid-June in Taean showed an increased yield due to delayed harvesting time in both regions (p0.05).These findings suggest that the optimal sowing period is late September to late October in the southern region and until early October in the central region.Furthermore, the optimal harvesting time is after June 1 st or 2 nd in the southern region and June 2 nd in the central region to achieve the highest yield of 'Hongsan' garlic.Hence, this study provides a basis for future multi-regional trials to refine sowing and harvesting guidelines across diverse garlic-growing environments.