Urbanicity and Disparities in the Functional and Physical Abilities of Older Adults Using the Health and Retirement Study: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study investigates disparities between older adults based on urbanicity in the United States. We analyzed data from 8259 participants aged 65+ from the 2018 Health and Retirement Study. The mean age was 74 (SD 8). Low-urbanicity participants (29%) were more likely white (88% vs. 77%, <i>p</i> < .001), and had lower education (20% vs. 16%, <i>p</i>-value = .017), higher rates of hypertension (69% vs. 66.3%, <i>p</i> = .035), lung disease (15% vs. 11%, <i>p</i>=<.001), and cognitive impairment (24% vs. 19%, <i>p</i> < .001). After adjustment for demographics, they were less physically active (60% vs. 55%, <i>p</i> = .021) and more dependent on IADLs (19% vs. 16%, <i>p</i> = .018). Urbanicity significantly affects physical abilities (i.e., jogging, climbing stairs, and handling objects) more in younger participants (65-75) than older ones (75+) (<i>p</i> for interaction = .003, .007, and .012, respectively). Significant urbanicity-based disparities in older adults' physical and functional abilities must be addressed to tailor interventions that improve their quality of life.