β-Normality in locales

In this paper, we establish the theory of β-normal locales which are the point- free counterparts of β-normal spaces which were introduced by Arkhangel’skii and Ludwig. We give characterizations of β-normal locales using some types of open sublocales. Certain circumstances are exhibited in which normality coincides with β-normality. For instance, we use the localic Kateˇtov-Tong insertion theorem to prove that every β-normal locale which is also a coframe is normal. This result argues that there does not exist a finite β-normal locale which is not normal. Included here is also an answer to Murtinova ́’s question about the existence of a regular β-normal space which is not Tychonoff. The study of β-normal locales leads to some variants of β-normal locales, namely α-normal locales and almost weakly β-normal locales. This paper also examines preservation and reflection of β-normal locales by localic maps.

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Publication Details

Journal
Applied General Topology
Published
2025-04-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2025.22790
Primary Topic
Rings, Modules, and Algebras
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

β-Normality in locales

Mbekezeli Nxumalo, Thobile Ngcamphalala
Applied General Topology
Rings, Modules, and Algebras
article

β-Normality in locales

Mbekezeli Nxumalo, Thobile Ngcamphalala
article en

Abstract

In this paper, we establish the theory of β-normal locales which are the point- free counterparts of β-normal spaces which were introduced by Arkhangel’skii and Ludwig. We give characterizations of β-normal locales using some types of open sublocales. Certain circumstances are exhibited in which normality coincides with β-normality. For instance, we use the localic Kateˇtov-Tong insertion theorem to prove that every β-normal locale which is also a coframe is normal. This result argues that there does not exist a finite β-normal locale which is not normal. Included here is also an answer to Murtinova ́’s question about the existence of a regular β-normal space which is not Tychonoff. The study of β-normal locales leads to some variants of β-normal locales, namely α-normal locales and almost weakly β-normal locales. This paper also examines preservation and reflection of β-normal locales by localic maps.

Applied General TopologyVol. 26(1)
Rhodes University (ZA)
National Research Foundation
Openalex Percentile: Top 90%
Rings, Modules, and Algebras
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β-Normality in locales — Mbekezeli Nxumalo, Thobile Ngcamphalala · Applied General Topology (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS