Synergistic Preparation and Mechanistic Investigation of Full Industrial Solid Waste-Based Cementitious Materials for Aeolian Sand Stabilization

Aeolian sand serves as the principal foundation material for construction in desert regions, yet its stabilization predominantly relies on cement, presenting critical carbon emission challenges. This study developed a cementitious material utilizing complementary industrial solid wastes (ISWs)—steel slag (SS), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), phosphorus slag (PS), and carbide slag (CS)—based on clinker three chemical moduli (TCM) and simplex lattice design, aiming to replace cement for aeolian sand stabilization. ISW dosage effects on stabilized sand strength and mechanical properties were investigated, with stabilization mechanisms studied via phase and microstructural analysis. Results demonstrated that GGBFS exerted the most significant positive influence on the strength of stabilized sand. The optimal proportion was determined as SS:GGBFS:PS:CS = 5:35:20:40, achieving strength comparable to cement-stabilized aeolian sand in the literature. The elastic modulus and ductility of stabilized sand exhibited linear positive and exponential negative correlation with uniaxial compressive strength. The hydration products of ISWs, including C(-A)-S-H gel and ettringite similar to clinker, effectively enhanced interparticle bonding strength and pore-filling capacity. ISW proportions governed the composition and distribution of hydration products, thereby modulating microstructural density and strength, ultimately dictating macroscopic performance variations. The conclusions provide an environmentally friendly solution for aeolian sand stabilization in desert regions.