Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on cardiovascular health: literature review

The article reviews the impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) on cardiovascular health, highlighting its association with comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. OSA triggers intermittent hypoxia and activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to cardiovascular dysfunctions, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and arrhythmias. Studies show that OSA is linked to adverse cardiovascular events, such as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) demonstrates benefits in reducing complications, although treatment adherence remains a challenge, especially among younger patients. The review emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, patient education, and awareness campaigns to promote timely detection and treatment of OSA, particularly in high-risk populations. Multidisciplinary strategies, including lifestyle changes, weight loss, and personalized treatment plans, are essential to optimize therapeutic outcomes and improve patients' quality of life. Furthermore, the integration of behavioral interventions and pharmacological therapies is discussed as a means to enhance patient outcomes. Future research is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms linking OSA to cardiovascular diseases and to develop more effective and accessible treatment options. In conclusion, OSA poses a significant risk to cardiovascular health, and its management requires a holistic approach that combines early diagnosis, patient education, and personalized treatment strategies. Multidisciplinary interventions, along with CPAP therapy and lifestyle modifications, are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing the long-term impact of OSA on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.