Development of a Rotational Freestanding Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based Anemometer for Wind Vector Measurement for Wind Turbines

Developing anemometers that can harvest wind energy and measure wind speed simultaneously using a single, onboard renewable source is proven to be a significant hindrance. This work introduces a novel design for a self-powered anemometer that surpasses conventional limitations. This novel system offers a combined functionality of self-powered operation and simultaneous wind speed and direction sensing. This is achieved by integrating two co-axially arranged Rotational Triboelectric Nano-generators (R-TENGs), referred to as the inner and outer TENG, within a single compact disclike structure. Additionally, four strategically positioned anemometers, spaced at 90° intervals, facilitate comprehensive wind data acquisition. Finite element method simulations predicted an open-circuit voltage of 500 V. The inner TENG, responsible for powering the anemometer circuit, exhibited a notable short-circuit current generation response ranging from 602.8 mA to 4.9 A across a wind speed range of $3 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$ to $25 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$.