Partial Transmit Sequence-Cosine Inertia Weight-Based Flower Pollination Algorithm for PAPR Reduction in MIMO-OFDM

Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is a wireless communication that integrates multiple antennas to enable enhanced data rates and ensure a reliable, high-speed data transmission. However, handling channel fading and signal interference in multipath environments poses challenges due to the usage of various antennas and channels that produce complex interactions in MIMO-OFDM. In this research, the Partial Transmit Sequence-Cosine Inertia weight-based Flower Pollination Algorithm (PTS-CIWFPA) is proposed for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction in MIMO-OFDM. A Space Time Block Coding (STBC) is used to encode and decode the signal in MIMO-OFDM, and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM-16) is applied for modulation and demodulation. The PTS is used for PAPR reduction in which the phase factor is optimized by the CIWFPA approach. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) is applied for transmitting a signal from the transmitter to a receiver. The proposed PTS-CIWFPA achieves a better PAPR of 3.4 for the CCDF of 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> when compared to the conventional PTS method.