RESEARCH ON THE INCREASE OF TRITICALE PRODUCTION THROUGH THE MODIFICATION OF THE SOWING RATE AND SUPPLEMENTARY FERTILIZATION, IN THE CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF 2023-2024 IN NORTH-WESTERN ROMANIA

Triticale are known around the world for their properties, borrowed from the genera Triticum aestivum and Secale cereale. They have a high production capacity and a high content of protein and lysine, show a very good resistance to abiotic and biotic stress, and have a high capacity to capitalize on low fertility and acid lands, lands where wheat cannot be cultivated. Along with the advancement of technology and science, the use of triticale grains and plants has seen new fields of use. In addition to feeding animals in different forms, triticale production is also used in the bioethanol, cellulose industry, in the bakery industry and in the manufacture of biscuits, beer, in the food packaging industry, in human medicine and in diets, aquaculture, etc. Due to the expansion of the use of this culture, the need to obtain higher productions is absolutely necessary. In the current study, which took place at the Livada Agricultural Research and Development Station, in Satu-Mare county, northwest Romania, in the period 2023-2024. It was based on the testing of 4 varieties of triticale that were sown in different sowing rates and that received different fertilization schemes, the control version was based on chemical fertilization at the soil level, with complex fertilizer in the fall, and with Nitrolime in the spring vegetation. The experiment was placed under the method of subdivided plots, having three experimental factors; the variety, with 4 graduations, the fertilization, with 3 graduations, the seed size, with 3 graduations. In the pedoclimatic conditions of the reference area, it was found that the Utrifun variety was the most productive, it reacted favorably to the additional fertilization with foliar fertilizer and signed at a plot of 550 seeds/m2 , obtaining productions of over 11.000 kg/ha, in in the case of additional fertilization and with biostimulator, the production started to decrease, however, Utrifun fertilized only in the soil managed to produce over 10.000 kg/ha. This was followed by the Zvelt variety, the latter being Tulnic. These results were obtained under conditions specific to the 2023-2024 period, and in the following years it will be established whether additional fertilization with foliar fertilizers ensures increases in production and whether the additional application of a biostimulator leads to increased production.