Ocio, Prevención del Bullying y Ciberbullying en Adolescentes: una Revisión Sistemática

Introduction. Bullying and cyberbullying undermine the identity of the young people who suffer them. This multidimensional phenomenon takes place within the peer group, in different interaction settings, outside the classroom contexts. It also presents various risk factors related to leisure spaces and activities, which in many cases have a high potential for prevention during adolescence. Method. This article presents a systematic review exploring the risk and protective factors associated with leisure spaces and activities that occupy adolescents' leisure time in relation to bullying and cyberbullying. To this end, a qualitative methodology was used, which involved the systematic identification, analysis and synthesis of relevant content from scientific publications based on the PRISMA guidelines. Results. A structured search for peer-reviewed studies was conducted in the following databases: Dialnet, Scopus, Web of Science and EbscoHOST. From an initial exploitation of 513 results, 14 manuscripts were finally selected. The main findings point to a strong relationship between digital leisure, cyberbullying and cyber-victimisation. The relationship between bullying and other leisure activities considered harmful, such as alcohol consumption or excessive use of television and other media, is also highlighted. In addition, bullied children and adolescents were up to four times more likely than their non-bullied peers to have mental health problems that negatively affected their daily lives, relationships with friends, learning at school or leisure activities. On the other hand, spending leisure time with parents reduced the likelihood of victimisation, and activities such as reading or being physically active minimised the likelihood of being a bully or a victim. Discussion or Conclusion. The results suggest that there is a large body of research on the subject, the transferability of which can contribute to the substantiation of socio-educational interventions through leisure activities for the prevention of bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents.