The Armed Forces of Ukraine: Problems and Challenges (1991–2021) .

The purpose of the article is to analyze the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the period from 1991 to 2021 and to assess the key problems and challenges that influenced their formation and functioning. The research hypothesis is that the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine was shaped by internal factors such as chronic underfunding, Ukraine’s disarmament, organizational difficulties, the influence of pro-Russian leadership, and the implementation of reforms in 2014–2021, as well as external factors, particularly Russian aggression since 2014. The influence of the international community also played a significant role.