Evaluation of Bone Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease and Post-Transplant Patients Using Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry and Bone Biomarkers – A Single-Center Study

Background: Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a common complication in CKD patients and often persists after renal transplantation. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assesses bone mineral density (BMD), while bone biomarkers provide insight into bone turnover. This study evaluates bone disease in CKD and post-transplant patients using DXA and bone biomarkers to assess changes in BMD and metabolic bone parameters post-transplantation. Methods: This observational study included CKD patients and post-transplant recipients. BMD was measured at the spine, femur, and radius using DXA. Bone turnover markers, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D3, calcium, phosphorus, and osteocalcin, were analyzed. Comparative statistical analysis was performed to assess differences between CKD and post-transplant groups. Results: Mean BMD at the femur and radius did not differ significantly between CKD and post-transplant patients (p > 0.05). Osteopenia was the most prevalent bone abnormality in both groups. No significant correlation was found between calcium, phosphorus, and PTH levels, but PTH and osteocalcin were significantly associated (p = 0.02). A significant relationship was also found between BMD at the radius and T-score at the spine (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Bone disease persists in CKD and post-transplant patients, highlighting the need for long-term monitoring and tailored interventions.