Second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in miltiple myeloma

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a standard frontline therapy for multiple myeloma. Performing a second transplant after a relapse of multiple myeloma presents a therapeutic dilemma for doctors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of repeated autologous transplants and haploidentical/allogeneic transplants in patients with multiple myeloma. Methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical histories of patients who underwent transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells with multiple myeloma at the National Cancer Research Center from 2010 to 05.2024 was carried out. Results. A total of 4 patients underwent second transplantations: 2 - second autologous, 1 - second allogeneic and 1 - second haploidentical. The study showed that second autologous transplants are an effective method in the treatment of refractory/recurrent multiple myeloma. Conclusions. Second transplantation is well tolerated, the healing time after the second transplant is the same as during the first transplant. Second autologous transplantation is preferable to allogeneic transplantation due to its greater effectiveness. Allogeneic transplantation as a rescue therapy gives poor results. Therefore, this option requires further study, given the expanding range of new therapeutic agents. Key words: multiple myeloma, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, autologous transplantation, second transplantation, treatment.