Solar energy implementation in rural communities and its contributions to SDGs: A systematic literature review

The implementation of solar energy in rural communities has emerged as a critical strategy for advancing multiple Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is limited understanding of how solar energy initiatives specifically contribute to achieving these goals in rural contexts. This systematic literature review addresses this gap by synthesizing findings from 35 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024. The study identifies key themes, methodologies, and geographic trends while highlighting the transformative role of solar energy in providing reliable, decentralized energy access. Findings demonstrate that solar energy systems enable economic empowerment, job creation, improved healthcare, and enhanced educational opportunities in rural areas. The review also emphasizes the importance of scalable models and integrated renewable energy solutions tailored for rural settings. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners aiming to leverage solar energy as a catalyst for sustainable development. Future research directions include advancements in solar technology, environmental impact assessments, and strategies to overcome barriers to adoption in underserved rural communities. • The manuscript reviews solar energy's role in rural areas in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). • The review highlights solar energy's role in rural areas, job creation, healthcare, education, and economic empowerment. • Collaborations among governments, academia, and tech enable tailored solar solutions, tackling challenges and maximizing impact. • The manuscript highlights hybrid renewable energy strategies tailored to meet unique energy demands in rural areas. • The manuscript explores research needs, like solar tech, impacts, and overcoming barriers in rural energy adoption.