Fire performance of concrete: A comparative study between cement concrete and geopolymer concrete & its application - A state of art-review

The performance of concrete throughout its service life must be evaluated by considering various influencing factors such as loading conditions, environmental exposure, and temperature variations. Among these factors, fire exposure has become a crucial area of study in recent decades due to its devastating impact on human life and property. Fire incidents can compromise structural integrity, leading to potential collapse and extensive damage. Therefore, understanding the fire behavior of concrete and its response under extreme temperatures is essential for enhancing building safety and resilience. This study focuses on the thermal performance of concrete when subjected to standard fire exposure, following internationally recognized fire testing protocols such as ISO 834 and ASTM E119, as well as its behavior under lower temperature ranges. The paper outlines the key factors affecting fire resistance, including material composition, aggregate type, and protective measures. Additionally, the performance of geopolymer concrete (GPC) at elevated temperatures has also been reported, as GPC is emerging as a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete with potential fire-resistant properties. Furthermore, the effectiveness of fire protection coatings applied to concrete surfaces has been analyzed to assess their ability to enhance thermal insulation and structural integrity during fire exposure.