Optimizing Dysphagia Management in Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy: Advanced Imaging, Precision Dosimetry, and Rehabilitation

This narrative review advances the management of radiation-induced dysphagia in head and neck cancer treatment by integrating advanced imaging, precision dosimetry, and structured rehabilitation. Beyond focusing solely on dysphagia-optimized intensity-modulated radiotherapy, it explores a variety of approaches: MRI and CT provide detailed anatomical insights, while proton therapy offers a less toxic alternative, and early rehabilitation preserves swallowing function. This holistic model prioritizes patient quality of life, detailing how techniques like Do-IMRT reduce radiation to critical structures like the pharyngeal constrictors and larynx, maintaining effectiveness. The review advocates a multidisciplinary approach, encouraging collaboration among oncologists, radiologists, and therapists to enhance long-term patient well-being and promoting further research to elevate care standards.