Analysis of the healing time of in vivo biological tissue incisions made with surgical scissors and an electromagnetic emitter

In modern surgery, the search for and development of methods that ensure effective and safe dissection of biological tissues are priority areas of research. Minimising damage to surrounding tissues, reducing the risk of complications and accelerating the healing process are the key factors determining the effectiveness of surgical intervention. Traditionally, surgical scissors or scalpels have been used for tissue dissection, however, they carry the risk of bleeding and tissue trauma, which can delay the healing process and promote inflammatory reactions. An alternative method showing promising results is the use of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation for tissue dissection and coagulation. This paper presents the results of an in vivo experimental study devoted to a comparative analysis of the dynamics of healing biological tissue incisions, in particular, skin incisions, in laboratory animals performed using two different methods: traditional surgical scissors and a high-frequency electromagnetic radiator operating at a frequency of 27.12 MHz. The aim of this study is to objectively evaluate the effect of different methods of tissue dissection on the healing process and to identify the features of regeneration when electromagnetic radiation is used. During the experimental study, one of the parameters characterising the healing process, such as Wound Closure Time was evaluated: The duration required for a complete closure of the skin defect was measured. The obtained data allow a comparative assessment of the dynamics of healing incisions made with a high-frequency electromagnetic radiator as an alternative device for dissecting biological tissues during surgical interventions compared to incisions made with a traditional instrument – surgical scissors. The results of the study provide important information on the influence of different dissection methods on healing dynamics. An important aspect is the study of the inflammation phase as an initial and key stage in wound healing. The study aims at determining the effect of coagulation on the intensity and duration of the inflammatory response. The analysis of the obtained results has shown that the use of high-frequency electromagnetic radiator for tissue dissection has a significant effect on the healing process. In particular, it is demonstrated that the electromagnetic coagulation method leads to a reduction in the intensity and duration of the inflammatory phase, compared to the use of surgical scissors. This effect is probably due to the fact that high-frequency radiation simultaneously provides tissue dissection and coagulation preventing bleeding and reducing the traumatic nature of the incision. The results of the study indicate the potential advantages of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation as an alternative method of tissue dissection in surgical practice. The identified features of wound healing performed by different methods can be used to optimise surgical protocols and reduce the risk of postoperative complications. The data obtained in the course of work are of practical importance for the development of new methods and technologies aimed at improving the quality of surgical interventions and accelerating the recovery of patients. In the future, it is planned to deepen the research in the field of the influence of various parameters of electromagnetic radiation on the healing process, as well as to conduct additional studies of key parameters characterising the healing process, such as: the intensity of the inflammatory response, morphological features of the formed scar tissue, including its density, structure and elasticity, and the process of formation of new epithelial cover over the wound surface.