“Histological Assessment Of Gall Bladder Specimens In Cholecystectomy Patients To Find Out Incidence Of Metaplasia And Its Association With Dysplasia In Western Uttar Pradesh”

This prospective, observational study titled "Histological Assessment of Cholecystectomy Specimens in Western Uttar Pradesh" was conducted at Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, over two years (Jan 2023–Jan 2025). It aimed to analyze the histopathological spectrum of gallbladder diseases, particularly focusing on metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma among cholecystectomy patients. A total of 263 patients were included, with a female predominance (80.6%) and an age range of 18 to 80 years. The most common diagnosis was chronic cholecystitis (95.7%), particularly chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis (35.3%). Less than 1% of cases were classified as acute cholecystitis. Other notable histopathological findings included Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses (19%), cholesterolosis (8.3%), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (2.2%), and follicular cholecystitis (3.4%). A key finding was the high prevalence of metaplasia (22.8%), with pyloric metaplasia (58.3%) being more common than intestinal metaplasia (41.7%). Dysplasia was observed in 30 out of 60 cases of metaplasia, further highlighting its role in gallbladder pathology. One case of gallbladder adenocarcinoma was associated with dysplasia, reinforcing the link between metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma progression.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 29, and significant correlations (p < 0.05) were noted between metaplasia, dysplasia, and malignancy. The study emphasizes the importance of histopathological examination of all cholecystectomy specimens, even in benign cases, for early detection of precancerous changes.