Bioenergetic-active cryogels for potential application in wound healing

Effective wound healing remains a challenge in clinical medicine due to limitations in traditional dressings, which often lack the necessary biocompatibility, breathability and ability to provide bioenergy. In this study, we developed bioenergetic-active cryogels using adenosine salts (AMP 2Na, ADP-2Na, and ATP 2Na) as crosslinkers to enhance tissue regeneration through improved energy metabolism. The cryogels feature a porous and loose structure that facilitates water and gas exchange, as well as the absorption of wound exudate. Additionally, ATP-2Na-coordinated cryogel (G-ATP) stimulates cellular proliferation and migration, while exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, thus creating an optimal environment for wound repair. In vivo experiments in a full-thickness wound model showed accelerated healing with the G-ATP group, which outperformed control groups in wound contraction and collagen deposition. These findings suggest that G-ATP serve as breathable physical barriers and bioactive dressings that enhance healing by supporting cellular energy needs. This novel approach provides a promising platform for advanced wound care, with potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Scheme 1. Schematic Representation of G-ATP Hydrogel Fabrication and Its Therapeutic Mechanism in Murine Full-Thickness Skin Wound Healing. • Development of bioactive cryogels using adenosine salts as crosslinkers. • ATP-2Na-coordinated cryogels (G-ATP) as bioactive dressings for healing. • G-ATP promotes cell migration, proliferation, and has anti-inflammatory effects.