EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GASTRIC CANCER IN UKRAINE FROM 2014–2022: RATE, SEX AND AGE

Introduction. Gastric cancer remains a significant global health concern, with 1.09 million cases and 769,000 deaths reported in 2020. Its prevalence is influenced by Helicobacter pylori infections, dietary habits, and healthcare disparities. Preventive measures have reduced incidence and mortality, although regional differences persist. East Asia has achieved progress through national screening programs, while lower-income regions, such as Eastern Europe, face ongoing challenges. Research aims. This study examined gastric cancer trends in Ukraine from 2014 to 2022, focusing on the total number of cases, gender distribution, and age demographics. Comparisons with global trends highlight areas for intervention. Materials and methods. Data were obtained from the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine. Cases classified under ICD-10 were analysed for rate, sex and age. Trends were assessed using exponential regression and R² calculations with MedCalc® Software version 22.009. Results and discussion. The number of cancer cases in Ukraine fluctuated, peaking in 2019 before falling in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted screenings. Gastric cancer cases declined from 8,350 in 2014 to 5,401 in 2022, reflecting global trends driven by dietary improvements and reduced H. pylori infections. However, progress in Ukraine was slower due to limited screening access. Men consistently accounted for 61% of cases, mirroring global risk factors such as smoking and occupational exposure, while oestrogen may have offered women some protection. Patients over 45 comprised more than 94% of cases, consistent with global data showing an increased risk among older adults due to prolonged carcinogen exposure. Late diagnoses and limited access to specialised care worsened the outcomes for older patients. Conclusion. Gastric cancer trends in Ukraine show global progress as well as local challenges. Although incidence is declining, gender disparities and late-stage diagnoses persist. Expanding early detection, addressing healthcare inequalities and promoting preventive measures are vital to further reduce incidence and mortality.