Experimental investigation of turbulence modulation by deformable bubbles

Finite-sized bubbles in turbulent flows are more than passive tracers---they actively influence flow structures. Using high-speed 3D imaging, we reveal how deformable, finite-sized bubbles alter turbulence, with slip velocity decorrelating over bubble-sized eddy turnover times. This rapid wake reorientation constrains wake development, yet at high Reynolds numbers, these bubbles still amplify local turbulence. Our findings highlight how bubble deformation, size, and orientation shape the surrounding turbulence, offering new insights into bubbly flow dynamics.