Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Paper-Based Flexible Sensor for Wearable Applications

This study presents the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a cost-effective paper-based flexible sensor for wearable applications, specifically motion detection. Utilizing filter paper as a substrate, the sensor is coated with graphite for conductivity and enhanced with sodium chloride (NaCl) to boost ionic dissociation and sensitivity. The fabrication process employs low-cost and sustainable materials and methods, yielding a sensor with high responsiveness, repeatability, and durability. Comparative analysis with commercial silicon-based sensors demonstrates the paper sensor’s superior sensitivity to small angular changes, albeit with slightly lower stability. Optimal dimensions of $6 \mathbf{c m} \times 1 \mathrm{~cm}$ are identified by balancing sensitivity and mechanical stability. Integration with a microcontroller facilitates real-time data acquisition, showcasing the potential of assistive devices, gesture recognition, and healthcare monitoring. This work highlights the feasibility of paper-based sensors as accessible alternatives to conventional silicon-based technologies, aligning with environmental sustainability goals, and cost-effectiveness.