Experimental Analysis of Battery Thermal Management Techniques for Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries Using MATLAB Simulink, Simscape, and Stateflow Simulations

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles marks a major progression in the automotive sector. Energy storage systems extensively make use of these batteries. The extended life cycle, low self-discharge rates, high energy density, and eco-friendliness of lithium-ion batteries are well-known. However, Temperature sensitivity has an adverse effect on lithium-ion battery safety, durability, and performance. Thus, maintaining ideal operating conditions and reducing the chance of thermal runaway depend heavily on efficient thermal management. To address this, experimental study was conducted on various battery thermal management techniques, including active, passive, and hybrid approaches. These techniques were investigated for their cooling efficiencies under different operating conditions. The electro-thermal behavior of cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells, battery packs, and supervisory control techniques were simulated in the study using MATLAB Simulink, Simscape, and Stateflow. This experimental study was conducted on thermal conductivity of Liquid Cooling (LC), Air Cooling (AC), Heat Pipe (HP), and Phase Change Material (PCM) techniques and evaluated the thermal performance of both individual and hybrid thermal management techniques according to the C rate of the battery. The Simulation results were analyzed under high-power charging and discharging conditions typical of electric vehicles. The investigation identified that, active thermal management techniques can reduce the temperature rise during the deep discharging cycle. However, not all driving situations and environmental factors call for active cooling. For modest vehicle speeds and regular ambient temperatures, passive cooling is adequate. The experimental analysis indicates that, hybrid thermal management strategies offer a better trade-off between energy efficiency and effective thermal conductivity depending on runtime requirements.</div></div>