Aging and DNA Damage: Investigating the Microbiome’s Stealthy Impact – A Perspective

This review explores how the gut microbiome influences aging, particularly examining the effects of microbiome imbalances (dysbiosis) on immune system function, inflammation, and the integrity of genetic material. As we age, there is a noticeable decline in cellular and physiological capabilities, which heightens the risk of diseases and diminishes the body’s resilience to stress. A significant contributor to this decline is the change in the gut microbiome, which affects immune reactions, triggers chronic inflammation, and worsens DNA damage. The review is structured into several key areas: first, the connection between dysbiosis and age-related ailments such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus; second, how aging influences immune tolerance, especially regarding dendritic cells, and its link to autoimmune diseases; third, the acceleration of immunosenescence and the prolonged inflammatory responses associated with aging; and fourth, the impact of senescent cells and oxidative stress on increasing inflammation and damaging DNA. We also underscored the significance of short-chain fatty acids produced by beneficial gut bacteria in modulating immune responses and facilitating DNA repair. The discussion includes the potential use of probiotics and other microbiome-related interventions as treatment options to promote healthy aging. Ultimately, we stressed the necessity for additional research to deepen our comprehension of the microbiome’s effect on DNA damage and to create personalized therapeutic strategies for fostering healthier aging and enhancing longevity.