Coupled Routing and Charge Schedule Optimization of Electrified Delivery Truck Fleets: Feasibility Analyses

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Electrifying truck fleets has the potential to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions from the freight transportation sector. However, the range limitations and substantial capital costs with current battery technologies imposes constraints that challenge the overall cost feasibility of electrifying fleets for logistics companies. In this paper, we investigate the coupled routing and charge scheduling optimization of a delivery fleet serving a large urban area as one approach to discovering feasible pathways. To this end, we first build an improved energy consumption model for a Class 7-8 electric and diesel truck using a data-driven approach of generating energy consumption data from detailed powertrain simulations on numerous drive cycles. We then conduct several analyses on the impact of battery pack capacity, cost, and electricity prices on the amortized daily total cost of fleet electrification at different penetration levels, considering availability of fast charging at the depot. Findings indicate that at typical energy density of current battery technology, there is an optimal battery pack capacity that results from the contradicting effects of increasing pack capacity on cost, life span, weight and energy consumption. It is also observed that with currently improving trends in battery pack costs and availability of reduced electricity prices at the depot, such as with renewable microgrids, fleet electrification can become viable even at low levels of penetration.</div></div>