The Transformation of the Concept of Joint Property in Islamic Law: Between Fiqh, Culture, and Modern Regulations

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the provisions on joint property as regulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law and its relationship with the provisions on joint property in Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, as an indication of the dialectic between Islamic law and culture. This qualitative research is a normative study employing a sociological phenomenological approach. Data were collected using a literature study technique related to joint property. The data were then analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques through several stages: examining, reducing, correcting, tabulating, categorizing, and drawing conclusions. This study finds that the dialectical process begins with a thesis that the doctrinal knowledge of Shafi'i fiqh has been deeply rooted and institutionalized, both individually and collectively, within society. However, since the 18th century, the concept of financial support (nafaqah) in Islamic law has encountered the concept of joint property originating from European culture and has similarly undergone a process of institutionalization within Nusantara society as an antithesis. The synthesis of this dialogue is that joint property has been recognized in Islamic law through the Compilation of Islamic Law. The implication of allowing the formation of joint property without an explicit agreement is the emergence of conceptual confusion in society, as individual property ownership is a fundamental right guaranteed by both religion and the state. This confusion has led to instances of misuse and rejection of joint property provisions, either partially or entirely.