Energy and Performance Analysis of Solar Solid-Dry Cooling Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings in Tropical Regions

In pursuing energy-efficient building solutions, renewable energy sources like solar power are increasingly utilized in ventilation and cooling systems. This study specifically investigates a solar-powered desiccant cooling system's performance against the traditional fan coil unit (FCU) in residential settings. It highlights the potential for energy savings and improved environmental outcomes. A model employing a solar heater with a vacuum tube is developed and simulated using TRNSYS to perform a critical thermal analysis of these systems. Key results show that increasing the input current to the collectors reduces the necessary collector area, thereby enhancing overall system efficiency. Energy evaluations reveal that the FCU, with a room moisture content of 79.4%, fails to provide adequate cooling due to its inability to meet the desired 45% moisture threshold. The drying process consumes the most energy, accounting for 38% of total usage. However, the solar hybrid dehumidifier cooling method demonstrates economic efficiency, achieving 18.4% in structures with high residual loads. Ambient temperatures and moisture content are effectively lowered to 24.8 – 25 °C, and 63%–67%, respectively, using the two-phase solar dehumidifier cooling device. This adjustment leads to 28.7% and 34.6% energy savings for convection and recirculating options. These findings underscore the potential of solar-powered systems to enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts in tropical climates.