Identification of crystal structure and optical properties of low-temperature synthesis of TiO₂ from titanium powder as raw material

Abstract This study presents the synthesis of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder from titanium powder utilizing a co-precipitation method followed by calcination at varying temperatures of 100°C, 200°C, 500°C, and 700°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the anatase phase of TiO2 is predominantly formed at a calcination temperature of 200°C, with a gradual transition to the rutile phase observed as the temperature is elevated to 700°C. Notably, an increase in the lattice parameters for both the anatase and rutile phases was recorded, indicating significant structural modifications resulting from thermal treatment. Optical characterization further demonstrates that the synthesized TiO2 exhibits pronounced activity within the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum, with band gap energies ranging from 3.89 eV to 4.19 eV. These findings underscore the potential of the synthesized TiO2 powder for photocatalytic applications, suggesting its applicability in environmental remediation and energy conversion technologies. Future work will focus on optimizing the synthesis parameters to enhance photocatalytic efficiency and exploring the mechanisms underlying the observed phase transitions.