Optimal Day‐Ahead Coordinated Scheduling for Efficient and Sustainable Energy Hubs Incorporating Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Systems

ABSTRACT Globally, energy and fresh water are essential for well‐being, but industrial growth and population increases pose significant challenges in meeting current and future demands. To address the freshwater crisis, desalination methods like reverse osmosis are widely adopted. Simultaneously, the push for carbon neutrality has boosted interest in clean energy alternatives, such as electric vehicles and hydrogen, to decarbonize energy systems. In this regard, this study proposes a day‐ahead optimization model aimed at reducing operational and environmental costs while meeting the demands for pure water and hydrogen. The proposed model is comprehensive, incorporating key energy hub (EH) components, specifically wind turbines, photovoltaic cells, and combined cooling, heating, and power systems. Additionally, energy storage systems—such as ice storage conditioners, thermal energy storage systems, water storage tanks, and solar‐powered compressed air energy storage—are integrated, along with seawater desalination using reverse osmosis technology to address freshwater needs. A hydrogen system, including an electrolyzer, fuel cell, and hydrogen tank, is also included. The model accounts for uncertainties in intermittent generation and seasonal load variations. Simulation results show a 5.96% reduction in total costs (operational and emissions) compared to existing methods, with a 6.17% decrease in operational costs and a 1.12% reduction in emissions costs, highlighting the advantages of the comprehensive approach. Seasonal cost reductions are observed at 9.28% in winter, 6.62% in spring, 2.94% in summer, and 3.37% in fall compared to existing methods. Therefore, the optimal and coordinated scheduling of EH units enables efficient operation, maximizes benefits, and contributes to sustainable energy management.