Comprehensive LC‐MS Profiling and Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, Antioxidant, and Anti‐inflammatory Properties of Alcoholic Extracts of <i>Brassica fruticulosa</i> subsp. <i>numidica</i> (Coss.) Maire

Brassica fruticulosa subsp. numidica, an underutilized species in the Brassicaceae family, offers significant potential for discovering bioactive compounds. This study analyzed its ethanolic (EE) and methanolic (ME) extracts for phytochemical composition and bioactivity, identifying key compounds via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). EE was rich in phenolic acids, notably cinnamic acid (59.33%) and coumaric acid (24.39%), while ME contained a high concentration of riboflavin (99.25%). EE exhibited potent antimicrobial activity, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IZD: 17.5 mm; MIC: 62.5 µg/mL), and reduced biofilm formation by up to 72%, whereas ME demonstrated superior antioxidant (IC₅₀: 67.46 ± 0.03 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory effects (maximum inhibition: 78.10% at 2500 µg/mL). Neither extract showed efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus or fungal strains. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of B. fruticulosa subsp. numidica and highlight its promise for natural product-based drug discovery, warranting further research on compound isolation, mechanistic studies, and in vivo validation.