Cotton (Gossypium L.) global distribution and adaptetion to different geografic region.

Cotton (Gossypium L.) is one of the most economically significant crops globally, with its cultivation spanning diverse geographic regions. The genus Gossypium comprises over 50 species, four of which are widely cultivated for their superior fiber quality. First, this review provides a summary of the phylogey of Gossypium, including genomic features of diploid and allotetraploid species. Second, we detail the origin of all Gossypium species and the human-mediated introduction of G. arboreum, G. herbaceum, G. barbadense, G. hirsutum, and G. harknessii species into new areas. This review highlights the need for continued research into the genetic diversity and adaptive mechanisms of cotton to enhance its sustainable production worldwide.