Effects of Metabolic Parameters on The Clinical Course of Hematological Malignancies

Metabolic syndrome (MS), characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, is linked to various systemic diseases and hematological malignancies. This study aimed to determine the effects of MS and body mass index (BMI) on prognosis, treatment response, and survival rates in hematological malignancies. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 89 patients treated at Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital between 2020-2021. Among the patients, 7 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 27 had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 13 had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 6 had Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 10 had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 11 had chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and 15 had multiple myeloma (MM). High BMI was associated with refractory disease in ALL patients (p= 0.03). AML patients with MS had higher ECOG performance scores (p= 0.045). Overweight DLBCL patients exhibited elevated LDH levels (p< 0.001), while low-weight DLBCL patients had higher lymphocyte and white blood cell counts (p= 0.023, p< 0.001). Overweight and obese CML patients had higher basophil counts and uric acid levels (p= 0.003). In MM patients, overweight and obese group showed higher R-ISS scores and more SLIM criteria (p= 0.048, p= 0.018), and the obese group had higher sedimentation rates (p= 0.01). ECOG performance score was higher in MM patients with MS (p= 0.047). In conclusion, MS and high BMI are associated with adverse prognostic factors in hematological malignancies. Therefore, monitoring and managing MS and BMI are crucial for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Hematological malignancies, Prognosis