Regional Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgeries: A Guide for Upper and Lower Extremity Procedures

This guide outlines the main regional block options for orthopedic surgeries, detailing the targeted anatomy, common surgical indications, important adjacent structures, and potential complications for each technique. Key blocks for upper extremity surgeries include interscalene, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, axillary, and intercostobrachial blocks, while lower extremity techniques encompass femoral, adductor canal, sciatic, popliteal, and lumbar plexus blocks. Advances in ultrasound guidance have enhanced the safety and efficacy of these techniques, making them indispensable for modern anesthesiology practice. By mastering these approaches, providers can optimize patient outcomes, expand their skillset, and contribute to enhanced perioperative care in orthopedic surgery.