Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Celiac Disease, Exploring the Probiotic Solution

Abstract The gut microbiome significantly influences human health and disease, especially autoimmune disorders. During illness, the gut microbiota (GM) composition changes (dysbiosis), leading to disrupted communication between immune cells and microbiota, which can cause infections and activate autoimmune disorders. Gut bacteria are isolated from their host by a physical barrier, such as the epithelium lining the gut or the skin. Bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharides and bacterial antigens may stimulate an inflammatory response by activating and stimulating immune cells. Numerous variables influence the intestinal microbiota, including diet, age, geographical location, mode of delivery, antibiotic or probiotic consumption, and various medical conditions. Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy that exhibits gluten sensitivity and induces an immune response upon gluten consumption. Children with CD typically exhibit abdominal distension, diarrhea, and failure to thrive. Extraintestinal signs may include anemia, tiredness, arthritis, infertility, liver failure, neuropathy, schizophrenia, or autism. This review provides a potential explanation of the GMs role in CD.