Multi-dimensional parameters estimation for HF signals using an electrically large monopole-crossed-loops array

Multi-dimensional parameters such as direction of arrival (DoA) and polarization of the high-frequency (HF) signals represent the ionospheric channel information and are of great importance for HF application systems. Electrically large polarization-sensitive arrays are suitable for practical use in estimating the multi-dimensional parameters, but suffer from relative amplitude-phase error between monopole and loop elements. A novel method is proposed to estimate the multidimensional parameters with an electrically large monopole-crossed-loops array. The response of an electrically large array, including the amplitude-phase error, is modeled by the vector effective length of each antenna element. The MUSIC-based estimation of the DoA and the amplitude-phase error is performed by parallel alternating projections, and then the estimation of the polarization parameters is completed. Simulations verify that the proposed method compensates for the random amplitude-phase error and effectively combines the monopoles and crossed-loops in the array to achieve multidimensional parameter estimation, thus improving performance compared to 1-2-dimensional arrays.