Shifting Towards Greener and More Collaborative Microgrids by Applying Lean-Heijunka Strategy

The United Kingdom seeks to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, mostly via the shift to an electrical system exclusively powered by zero-carbon sources. Microgrids (MGs) can be seen as an effective system for integrating renewables into the energy portfolio. Nonetheless, MGs face the acknowledged obstacle of backup power generation due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, necessitating the establishment of backup power generation capacity. This paper contrasts selfish power generation, where the MG pursues complete energy autonomy, with an alternative influenced by lean principles (Heijunka production), which seeks to stabilise power transactions within the national electricity supply chain, reduce emissions, and tackle the backup generation challenge. This study proposes a pre-contractual order update (COU) strategy for the operation of hybrid collaborative MG where a forward order update to the utility grid is placed, in contrast to selfish MG, which uses a spot order update strategy. The COU strategy was defined, and two simulation models (for selfish and collaborative MG) were developed, each incorporating four backup generation scenarios to illustrate the method’s efficacy by assessing the system’s critical performance metrics. It has been found that the collaborative MG model reduced the carbon emissions by 62% and the volatility of unplanned orders to the grid by 61% compared to the selfish model in the first scenario (grid-dependent MG). Furthermore, the MG achieved zero volatility and a 33% reduction in carbon content in the collaborative MG when using the H2 burner as backup generation compared to the first scenario. Indicating that sustainability encompasses not only the use of renewable resources but also the stability of their outputs through the implementation of collaborative MGs.