Prognostic significance of TET2 single-nucleotide polymorphism in chronic myeloid leukemia patients in the Suez Canal area, Egypt

Abstract Background TET2 (ten-eleven translocation 2) is a gene that encodes an enzyme involved in DNA demethylation, which plays a crucial role in gene regulation and cellular differentiation. Polymorphisms in TET2 can affect its function and have been studied in various cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In the context of CML, TET2 polymorphisms might influence the progression of the disease, response to treatment, and overall prognosis. Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of TET2 polymorphism (rs34402524) in CML patients compared with controls in relation to disease prognostic criteria. Patients and methods It is a case–control study held in Suez Canal University Hospital and the oncology hospital in Ismailia. In all, 98 participants were selected and were divided into two groups: the study group (49 adult CML patients in the chronic phase) and the control group (49 healthy participants). Data were obtained through structured interviews. DNA extraction and SNP assay for TET2 polymorphism were done using Thermo Scientific GeneJET, and genotyping was performed on extracted DNA by PCR. Results The mean age was 48.0 and 44.3 years among the CML and the control group, with no significant difference. TET2 SNP (rs34402524) patterns among chronic phase CML were mainly heterozygous, but in the control group, there was 30.6% heterozygous and 34.7% in both wild and homozygous, with a significant difference among both groups. Conclusion TET2 polymorphism (rs34402524) may be a poor prognostic factor for CML patients potentially linked to disease progression or transformation, guiding treatment, and prognosis.