Long-time coherent integration for maneuvering targets using vertical PA and horizontal FDA

This paper investigates a planar array that can be used to achieve long time coherent integration. Phased array(PA)radars offers rapid antenna beam scanning and spatial filtering capability. Frequency diverse array (FDA) radars are characterized by automatic scanning of the transmit beampattern and provide extensive spatial coverage. Based on these advantages, this paper proposes a planar array that combines elements of both radar regimes. The transmit beam pattern of this planar array is simulated and analysed to achieve the three-dimensional matched filtering in azimuth-elevation range. The introduction of FDA allows the planar array to achieve complete airspace coverage in the azimuth-range dimension. This planar array utilizes three-dimensional target information (azimuth angle, elevation angle, range), allowing it to acquire information of a higher dimension than coherent FDA. Subsequently, an azimuth-elevation-range three-dimensional matched filter is designed to achieve fast-time waveform matching. Regarding the effects of the integration process of maneuvering targets, the second-order keystone transform - Lv’s distribution (SKT-LVD)algorithm is used to compensate the range migration (RM) and Doppler frequency migration (DFM) during moving target detection, achieving coherent integration of the target. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the study.