Development, Purification and Structural Evaluation of β-CDs from Cassava Waste Using <i>CGTase</i> and Nanostructured Encapsulated Plant Mediated AuNPs via Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Techniques

Cassava peels (CP) are agricultural-industrial co-products, better means of generating wealth that have recently attracted the attention and efforts of scientists due to their vitality in achieving a higher standard of living in a variety of industrial applications and human health care. Hence, an urgent demand for low-cost, non-toxic nanostructure material that can host, deliver, and transmit light with improved optical properties. In this work, β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) was produced from cassava starch using US132 Cyclodextrins glucanotransferase enzyme ( CGTase ), converting it to cyclic oligosaccharides using experimental designs. The β-CDs produced by US132 CGTase are subsequently refined to a high level (67.26 g L-1) and homogenized using an eco-friendly, straightforward crystallization process that yielded a 40% purification yield. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was effectively synthesized from Kahaya senegalenses plant, as a natural reducing agent. The Uv-visible and SEM evaluations revealed the plasmon resonance bands and spherical cap-shaped morphology of the developed hybridized β-CDs/AuNPs. However, the functional groups contained in the developed nanohybrids were validated by the FT-IR analysis. The size and crystallinity of the developed sample was found within the nano range as deduced from XRD and TEM (20-20 nm) analysis. The successful formation the developed nanostructured β-CDs/AuNPs was confirmed employing Uv-Visible, XRD, FT-R and SEM analysis. Therefore, the developed nanostructured β-CDs/AuNPs displayed significant and noticeable advantages which can withstand present drifts, due to its environmental friendliness, biocompatibility and encapsulating effect.