Assessment of Hematological Profile and Blood Group Patterns in Pregnant Women

Background: Hematological changes are crucial for meeting the increased requirements of the developing fetus and placenta, leading to significant changes in blood volume and composition. Monitoring these hematological variations helps identify potential maternal-fetal complications and assess overall pregnancy outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the hematological parameters among pregnant women and assess the correlation with different blood groups. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar Pakistan. Duration: Eight months, from January to August 2024. Methods: The study involved 374 pregnant women. Participants aged 18 and older were selected using non-probability sampling and included if they provided informed consent. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, and blood samples were assayed for Complete Blood Count and blood group determination by forward agglutination. SPSS version 26 was used for statistical analysis, with a p-value <0.05 deemed significant. Results: Among the 374 participants, blood type B was the most prevalent (32.9%). The mean hemoglobin (Hb) level was 11.32 g/dL (±1.86), while the mean TLC was 9,666 cells/µL (±4,668). The average platelet (PLT) count was 274,360 cells/µL (±77,754). No significant correlation was found between blood groups and Hb (p=0.162), and WBC (p=0.316), while significant association with PLT levels (p=0.007). Conclusion: The present study investigation revealed a notable association was observed between blood groups and platelet counts. These findings contribute to our comprehension of the interrelationship between blood group polymorphisms and hematological parameters, underscoring the necessity for further research in genetically diverse populations.