Evaluating 4G Network Performance in North-Central Nigeria: A Drive Test-Based Assessment of Key Performance Indicators

This study evaluates the performance of 4G/LTE networks in North-Central Nigeria using a comprehensive drive test methodology. Key performance indicators (KPIs), including network speed, packet loss, latency, uptime, coverage, and signal power, were assessed across major Mobile Network Operators (MNOs)—MTN, Airtel, GLO, and 9Mobile. The drive tests, conducted in Abuja, Lafia, and Jos, utilized advanced tools like G-Net Solutions Pro and propagation models such as Okumura-Hata and Walfisch-Ikegami. Results revealed MTN’s dominance in network speed (9.543 Mbps mean), latency (25.921 ms mean), uptime (97.714% mean), and coverage (87.514% mean), while Airtel followed closely. GLO and 9Mobile showed competitive but slightly lower performance. The study highlights the importance of generalized metrics for holistic network evaluation, providing actionable insights for stakeholders to enhance connectivity and user satisfaction. Despite its contributions, the study acknowledges limitations, such as real-time monitoring gaps and a focus solely on 4G/LTE networks. Future research should address these limitations and explore the interplay between different network technologies to further bridge the digital divide in Nigeria.