Vehicle-to-Everything Services in 3GPP 5G Networks: An Empirical Analysis

5/6G vehicle-to-everything (V2X), particularly vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication, should provide real-time data transfer between vehicles and the cloud. In this paper, we evaluate the capability of direct commercial 5G V2N connectivity to support 5G V2X services. We perform real-world local and cross-country drive tests to measure key performance metrics such as throughput and end-to-end latency. We use the measurements to determine whether the 5G V2N meets the 3GPP standard requirements for V2X services. We then assess the feasibility of V2X services based on compliance with related latency, and throughput thresholds. Finally, we derive the signal strength thresholds required to support V2X services with low-level and high-level automation, providing insights for future 6G development.