Diphoton signals for the Georgi-Machacek scenario at the Large Hadron Collider

The diphoton channel for exploring the Georgi-Machacek (GM) scenario containing scalar triplets at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been identified as germane and subjected to a detailed study. The scalar spectrum of the model, which imposes a custodial SU(2) on the potential, gets classified into a 5-plet, a 3-plet, and two singlets under the custodial symmetry. While most attempts to probe or constrain the scenario at the LHC depend largely on signals of charged scalars, we point out that the custodial SU(2) singlet state <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:mi>H</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math> can have a substantial branching ratio (amounting to a few percent) into two photons. We carry out a detailed simulation of the resulting signal and the standard model backgrounds, obtaining the signal significance in different regions of the parameter space using the profile likelihood ratio method. Substantial regions of the GM parameter space are thus shown to be accessible to LHC studies, both at the high-luminosity run with <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mo>∫</c:mo><c:mi mathvariant="script">L</c:mi><c:mi>d</c:mi><c:mi>t</c:mi><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>3000</c:mn><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:msup><c:mi>fb</c:mi><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup></c:math> and also in Run-3 with <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><f:mo>∫</f:mo><f:mi mathvariant="script">L</f:mi><f:mi>d</f:mi><f:mi>t</f:mi><f:mo>=</f:mo><f:mn>300</f:mn><f:mtext> </f:mtext><f:mtext> </f:mtext><f:msup><f:mi>fb</f:mi><f:mrow><f:mo>−</f:mo><f:mn>1</f:mn></f:mrow></f:msup></f:math>, even after folding in systematic errors. We have also demonstrated that a rather substantial improvement in the signal significance is achieved by switching over from a cut-based analysis to one based on a neural network.