Relationship Between School Leadership, Academic Dispositions, and Student Academic Performance: Meaning Making of PISA 2022 Results

School leadership plays a critical role in shaping student academic performance. Despite the UAE’s recognition as one of the leading nations globally for quality education, research on the impact of leadership practices on performance in international assessments like PISA remains scarce. This study explores the influence of school leadership on students’ performance in the UAE’s schools. The PISA 2022 UAE database containing data on 24,600 15-year-old students across 840 schools was used to assess mathematical literacy based on their ability to apply math concepts and their attitudes toward the subject. Insights into leadership practices were utilized using responses from school principals in the PISA 2022 school leaders’ questionnaire. The results demonstrate that leadership practices significantly influence student outcomes. Schools where leaders emphasize teacher accountability and professional development show improved mathematics performance, lower anxiety levels, and enhanced self-efficacy among students. Conversely, excessive focus on disciplinary measures or teaching skill improvements is associated with reduced student self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive leadership approaches that consider local educational contexts, balancing accountability and support to optimize both student performance and well-being. By refining leadership practices, schools can drive meaningful improvements in student success and better equip learners to thrive in global educational benchmarks.