Stroke in young age: statistical indicators, issues, and prospects of neuropsychological research

Background. The increasing incidence of stroke among young individuals challenges its traditional understanding as of an age-associated disease. The general lack of familiarity with this issue among not only neurologists but also other specialists underscores its importance and indicates that it is understudied. In 15–40% of cases, the cause of stroke in young people remains undetermined. Special scientific interest is directed towards various (including long-term) consequences of cerebrovascular accidents in the young, primarily affecting the cognitive and emotional-personal realms. These consequences are crucial in the context of the patients' working and reproductive age, impacting their quality of life. Objective. To review domestic and foreign publications on the problem of stroke at a young age, analyze the available clinical and psychological data and identify promising areas of neuropsychological research on the problem. Methods. Comparative method, a combination of methods for text analysis, analysis of clinical psychological data. Results. A review of articles indicates that the first neuropsychological studies of young patients with strokes date back to the 1970s and 1980s. According to scientific publications, younger stroke patients have a better prognosis for physical and cognitive rehabilitation compared to older age groups. Yet, the specifics of cognitive impairments are often noted but not analyzed in depth. However, many studies focus on the issues related to professional and social adaptation of these patients. Conclusions. Stroke in young individuals features distinct neuropsychological impairments compared to those in older and elderly age groups. These neuropsychological consequences require further research and may relate to the cognitive sphere of individuals. There is a need to standardize methodological approaches in stroke research among young people to improve data comparability and develop more effective diagnostic and treatment methods. Additionally, there is a demand for developing and adapting diagnostic tools that can detect subtle symptoms of cognitive impairments in young patients. This, in turn, will allow for linking specific cognitive deficits to difficulties in professional and social adaptation.