The novel amine functionalized <scp> TiO ₂ </scp> ‐polyvinylpyrrolidone k‐25 composite biomaterial‐based polysulfone membranes for dialysis; an experimental study

Abstract In hemodialysis therapy, polysulfone (PSf) is a frequently used dialyzer material. Membranes made of these materials have a variety of challenges due to their hydrophobic nature and blood compatibility concerns. The current study successfully developed functionalized‐titanium dioxide‐polyvinylpyrrolidone k‐25/PSf‐based organic–inorganic hybrid membranes using a phase inversion scheme. The impregnation of f‐TiO 2 ‐PVP composites led to a homogeneous blend with increased hydrophilicity, a stable porous structure, high pure water permeation, significant clearance rates for urea and creatinine, and decreased protein adsorption, thrombus development, and minimal platelet adhesion. In terms of flux rate, protein resistance ability, and capability to remove uremic toxins, the M‐2 and M‐5 membranes were superior to pure PSf and other developed membranes. Highlights The membranes exhibited significantly reduced protein adsorption and thrombus formation. Exceptional urea (83.2%) and creatinine (79.4%) clearance were achieved. The pore structure was optimized, leading to maximized flux (100.4 L/h·m 2 ). The membranes demonstrated high stability, with minimal leaching ensuring long‐term application. The incorporation of amine‐functionalized TiO 2 ‐PVP enhanced hydrophilicity and biocompatibility.