RESEARCH OF THE IMPACT OF CASPIAN SEA LEVEL CHANGES ON COASTAL SOILS AND WAYS OF EFFECTIVE USE (SAMUR-DAVACHY PLAIN LANDS)

The article also discusses the impact of changes in the level of the Caspian Sea on coastal soils, shows ways of efficient use of soils in agriculture. The assessment was carried out on the basis of the analysis of field, laboratory and multi-year research materials. It is noted that the existing natural and ecological conditions in the studied region, both natural and against the background of human economic activity, lead to rapid transformation processes in the morphogenetic properties and diagnostic indicators of soils. This change always changes from north to south and from west to east. Although the selected study region does not have a large area in either the meridional or parallel directions, the differentiation caused by natural and anthropogenic factors in the landscape and land cover is clearly evident. Thus, the ratio of natural and anthropogenic impacts changes from the lower reaches of the Samurchay in the north to the lower reaches of the Sumgayitchay in the south. While the anthropogenic impact on the surrounding ecosystem in the north increases year by year, the impact of natural exodynamic processes increases towards the south, and the anthropogenic impact takes second place. On the Absheron Peninsula, the anthropogenic (technogenic) impact on the environment increases many times. As is known, the Caspian coastal region of Azerbaijan extends from the Samurchay in the north to the Astarachay in the south. The aridity index increases from both the northern and southern ends of the Caspian coastal region towards the Absheron Peninsula, and the anthropogenic impact is weaker than the natural impact. Only in the center, as mentioned, does the anthropogenic impact on the Absheron Peninsula increase again. The study area includes the part of the Caspian Sea coastal region from the Samurchay to the Absheron Peninsula. The Samur-Devachi, Siyazan-Sumgayit and Bogaz plains are located here. Over the past hundred years, research has been conducted in the area on various directions and problems of soil science. These studies reflect the period of the last century. These research works are of great importance for determining the dynamics of soil processes. In the studied area, the desertification process is expanding its territory not only to the north, but also from east to west. Towards the west, the influence of natural factors weakens, but the anthropogenic influence intensifies. This process, in addition to negatively affecting the parameters of the soil cover, has also led to serious transformation of the soil. Our latest research on natural and anthropogenic degradation of soils covers the years 2016-2019. Keywords: anthropogenic, transgression, regression, takır, hesitation, climate